As a result of internal markets and increasing globalisation single government levels are the increasingly unable to deal with planning issues on their own. Increasingly interdependencies among all levels of government and targeted actions at different levels require overall aims, orientation and commitment.
In addition to defining the objectives, the difficulty remains how to translate them into policies and practice, especially at regional and local levels, taking into account diverse local conditions.
Multi-partite contracts could be a potential instrument to improve the co-ordination. But it has to be borne in mind that the tri-partite contracts proposed in the White Paper on European Governance link the EU with the national and the regional or urban level, although in the sustainable urban management context it seems rather essential to strengthen the co-ordination between towns and regions.
Many planning-related practices are considered as obstacles in the way of more sustainable urban development: traditional values still rule among a large majority of planners and decision-makers; lack of objective or consensual environmental criteria; the inflexible structure of plans makes it difficult to up-date them in a flexible way when need arises and uncertainties over the costs and risks associated with the innovation that often accompanies sustainability.
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